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ARTICLE
Year : 2008  |  Volume : 6  |  Issue : 12  |  Page : 1-14

A comparative study to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of diabetics and non-diabetic population attending some of the hospitals in Mysore City


Dept. of Community Dentistry, J.S.S. Dental College & Hospital Mysore, India

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has significant impact on tissues throughout the body, including the oral cavity. The oral health complications reportedly associated with diabetes include tooth loss, gingivitis, periodontitis and oral soft tissue pathologies. Some studies have demonstrated that the diabetic population suffered from higher rates of caries than ''normal" individuals. Objectives: To assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of Diabetics and Non diabetics in Mysore city. To suggest possible measures to improve their oral health. Methodology: A simple random sampling method was adopted. 9 Hospitals were randomly selected (Lottery method) for the purpose of the study. A total of 1038 subjects, 519 Diabetics and same number of age and sex matched Non diabetics were examined, the age range of the study population was 15-74 years. Data was recorded using a WHO 1997 Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. Results: The mean age of the study population was 44.70 ± 12.99. The prevalence of dental caries among Diabetics was 69.7% as compared to Non diabetics (65.3%). The total mean number of DMFI' scores were higher among diabetics (3.89 ± 2.62) as compared to Non diabetics (3.06 ± 1.98) and this finding was found to be statistically significant. The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher among the Diabetic population (98.5%) when compared with the Non diabetic (92.3%) population. Diabetics had more number of shallow periodontal pockets (34.1%) and deep periodontal pockets (23.7%) when compared with Non diabetics the shallow pockets were 24.5% and deep periodontal pockets was 15.4%. Diabetics had more number of Loss of Attachment of 4-5 mm (15.8%) and 6-8 mm (4.6%) when compared to Non diabetics the Loss of Attachment of 4-5 mm was 8.9% and 6-8 mm was 1.2%. Excluded sextants were found to be higher in Diabetics (3.3%) when compared to Non diabetic group (0.4%). The prevalence of TMJ problems was higher among Diabetics (13.9%) and 7.5% among Non diabetics. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was more in the Diabetic population (18.3%) when compared with the Non diabetic population (9.8%). Assessment of treatment needs was higher among the Diabetic population who required dental treatment which mainly included extractions, pulp care and restoration, fillings, and prosthetic rehabilitation when compared to Non diabetic population. Conclusion: Diabetes can have an adverse effect on oral health and oral healthcare. The dental team can play an important role by recognizing the signs of undiagnosed diabetes and referring for investigation and by providing regular oral healthcare.


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