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Table of Contents - Current issue
January-March 2023
Volume 21 | Issue 1
Page Nos. 1-104
Online since Friday, March 31, 2023
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PRESIDENTS MESSAGE
President's message
p. 1
Manjunath P Puranik
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_53_23
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HONORARY SECRETARY’S MESSAGE
Honorary Secretary's message
p. 2
L Vamsi Krishna Reddy
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_54_23
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FROM EDITORS DESK
From Editors desk
p. 3
P G Naveen Kumar
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_23
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Laser: A boon during the COVID pandemic in aerosol mitigation – A systematic review
p. 4
N Kiran Kumar, Priya Mariam Thomas, KR Sowmya, Chandrashekhar Yavagal, L Hariprasad, HS Preetham
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_30_22
The scientific community was always intrigued by the indoor air quality in dental offices. The unexpected emergence of the COVID pandemic has put greater challenges on dental professionals. Shortly after the declaration of coronavirus as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, the American Dental Association abstained the dental society from providing routine dental procedures. An evidence-based review of the literature was conducted electronically using three databases, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar between January 2005 to December 2021. Three articles were selected for the qualitative analysis out of 41 screened articles from the databases. The evidence suggests that there is a significant reduction in aerosol generation with laser when compared to conventional treatment modalities. Laser-assisted treatment procedures bring the dentist and patients a step closer to providing safe dental treatments and reducing the risk of transmission of disease.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Comparative evaluation of remineralization potential of shelcal, calcium sandoz and shelcal with Vitamin C on artificially induced carious lesions in permanent teeth: An
in vitro
study
p. 11
DN Shrienitha, Vishnu Prasad, Kiran Iyer, Mahesh Jagadeson, K Indra Priyadharshini, M Sathiya Gomathi
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_173_21
Background:
The
invitro
study was done to find out the efficacy of shelcal, shelcal with Vitamin C and calcium sandoz in remineralizing enamel surfaces on which artificial carious lesions had been created. The changes were analyzed using Vickers Hardness Testing Machine.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 45 permanent teeth were selected and divided into three groups: Group I – Shelcal, Group II – Shelcal with Vitamin C, and Group III – Calcium sandoz tablets. All samples were subjected to deminralization and assessed using Vickers Hardness Testing Machine. Each demineralized sample was randomly divided into three groups: Group I – Shelcal, Group II – Shelcal with Vitamin C, and Group III – Calcium sandoz tablets. After the 10 days of remineralization, the obtained data were analyzed statistically. The significance of mean difference between the groups was done by
post hoc
Bonferroni test and repeated measures ANOVA. All analyses were performed on SPSS software (Windows version 20.0).
Results:
Statistical analysis showed that shelcal remineralizes artificially induced carious lesions in permanent teeth.
Conclusion:
Shelcal (Group I) exhibited superior remineralization potential.
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Knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene practices among law students in Davangere City: A cross-sectional study
p. 17
GA Babitha, K Shashanka Holla, Basavanagowda Patel, GM Prashant, Shobha Prakash
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_205_21
Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess dental health awareness and oral hygiene practice among law students of R L Law College, Davangere, Karnataka.
Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire containing 30 questions, regarding basic knowledge, attitude, and practice was distributed among 150 Law students of R L Law college of Davangere, Karnataka, India. The data obtained were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corporation) software.
Results:
In the present study, only 39.4% of the participants were aware of routine dental check-ups. 8.5% of the participants visited the dental clinic twice a year and 57% of the participants had never visited a dental clinic. 37.3% of the participants were aware of oral hygiene aids. 62% of the participants used a tongue cleaner routinely and 55.5% brushed their teeth using only horizontal brushing technique. 48.6% were aware that consuming tobacco causes cancer. Only 9.2% consumed tobacco in various forms. 49% of the participants felt that all dental procedures were painful and expressed fear. 81% of the students were unaware of dental fluorosis. 65.5% of the participants agreed that dental health education is important and 21.8% thought that it might be important. Inferential statistics using the Pearson Chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the responses and the Year of law degree the participant was pursuing.
Conclusion:
In the present study, law students have satisfactory knowledge about good oral hygiene practices and oral health care. However, the knowledge acquired must be transferred into daily practice. This can be achieved by a change in their attitude toward oral hygiene maintenance. The inclusion of oral health-oriented education programs in their curriculum would improve their knowledge along with behavior, and they would be a good model to the community. This study will help us in devising an outline for the oral hygiene education of Law students of our country based on their current attitude, knowledge, and oral hygiene practice.
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Remineralizing effect of commercially available two herbal dentifrices on human teeth-An
in vitro
evaluation
p. 22
M Sathiya Gomathi, S Vishnu Prasad, Kiran Iyer, Mahesh Jegadeson, K Indrapriyadhrshini, DN Shrienitha
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_171_21
Background:
Dental caries is most prevalent oral infections worldwide, characterized by a progressive demineralization that affects the mineralized dental tissues. Although the decline of dental caries prevalence can be attributed to the widespread use of dentifrices that contain fluoride, there is a need for an advanced alternative fluoride remineralizing dentifrice preferably, herbal-based dentifrices.
Aim:
To investigate and compare the remineralization effect of demineralized human enamel using two herbal toothpastes via
in vitro
method.
Materials and Methods:
An
in vitro
study was conducted on 40 extracted natural teeth. Crowns and roots were sectioned at cementoenamel junction, and crowns were further sectioned to buccal and lingual halves. All the teeth samples were examined for baseline hardness level by Vickers hardness tester. Samples were kept for demineralization continuously for 48 h and postdemineralization hardness values were also evaluated. Samples randomly divided and allocated into two groups for remineralization procedure. Group A -Dabur Red (
N
= 20) and Group B - Patanjali Dant Kanti (
N
= 20). Remineralization using two dentifrice slurries was performed for 10 days and postremineralization hardness estimated. Data were collected and analyzed using Student's unpaired
t
-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Intergroup analysis was done using Student's
t
-test and intragroup analysis at baseline, demineralization and remineralization was done using ANOVA.
Results:
A highly significant difference in the Vickers hardness was observed between the two groups with Group A showing increased mean hardness levels in comparison to Group B (
P
< 0.001) and there was a significant change in hardness observed from baseline, demineralization, and remineralization of both Dabur Red (Group A) and Patanjali (Group B).
Conclusions:
Both the herbal toothpastes showed better remineralization potential but still Dabur Red showed highest remineralization when compared to Patanjali Dant Kanti. The role of herbal dentifrices as a remineralizing agent appears to be as effective as conventional toothpastes.
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Antimicrobial effects of green and roasted beans of
Coffee robusta
and
Coffee arabica
on
Streptococcus mutans
– An
in vitro
comparative study
p. 27
Soni Ashok Gupta, Gauri Vidhyadhar Potdar, Kritika Dinesh Jain, Kajal Pravin Jethwa, Vaibhav Pravin Thakkar, Sabita M Ram, Samir Ramkrishna Pachpute
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_144_22
Introduction:
In India, coffee is the third most common beverage consumed after water and tea. Through this study, we have analyzed the antimicrobial properties of coffee extracts by determining their zone of inhibition on blood agar plates in comparison to chlorhexidine which was used as the control.
Aim:
The study aims at determining the antimicrobial effects of extracts of green and roasted beans of
Robusta
and
Arabica
coffee (
in vitro
).
Methodology:
The samples were collected from local markets of Coorg and Navi Mumbai.
Streptococcus mutans
were cultured on blood agar, which was then inoculated with these samples. Antimicrobial properties were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The results were compared with gold standard solution, i.e., 0.2% chlorhexidine solution.
Results:
The coffee bean extract of
Green Robusta
showed a more inhibitory effect on
S. mutans
when compared to
Roasted Arabica
and Chlorhexidine. The diameter of the zone of inhibition around the extracts of
Green Robusta
was 22 mm, 22.5 mm, 23.5 mm, and 24 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively, and that of
Roasted Arabica
was 11 mm, 12 mm, 13.5 mm, 15 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively.
Conclusion:
According to this methodology,
Green Robusta
has more inhibitory effects than chlorhexidine. Thus in future after more
in vivo
and
in vitro
studies, coffee may be used in dental aids such as mouthwashes, dentifrices, dental floss, and chewing gum for its antimicrobial effect.
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Assessment of knowledge and practice behaviors about minimally invasive surgical technique in periodontics among dental students, dental practitioners, and academicians: An online questionnaire-based study
p. 34
Vineeta Gupta, Supriya Mishra, Sheetal Dahiya, Deepesh Kumar Gupta, MP Gazala, Shirish Kumar Kujur
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_234_21
Background:
The concept on minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) is rapidly evolving in the field of medicine and Dentistry. MIST in periodontics is beneficial in enhancing clinical performance and in terms of patient-related factors also.
Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice behaviors about MIST in periodontics among dental students, dental practitioners, and academicians.
Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire was prepared as Google Form and was distributed to respondents to assess their knowledge and practice behaviors about MIST.
Statistical Analysis Used:
A descriptive analysis comprising counts and the percentage was performed for all the variables. Categorical variables were compared among the different groups using the Chi-square test.
Results:
The study revealed that most of the respondents had adequate knowledge of MIST but only 46% of them had performed MIST procedures in daily clinical practice.
Conclusions:
There is sufficient knowledge about MIST and its implications in periodontics among dental students and professionals. However, there is a need to emphasize the clinical applications and more training to enhance skills and practice about MIST.
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Antibacterial activity of
Acalypha indica
extract on
Porphyromonas gingivalis
: An
in vitro
study
p. 39
Prarthana Manoharan, Lalithambigai Gunasekaran, Girish R Shavi, Shankar Shanmuagam, John J Smith
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_105_22
Introduction:
Acalypha indica
plant is traditionally used to treat dysentery, diarrhea, malnutrition, and malaria. This plant extract reported a wide antibacterial spectrum against
Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus faecalis,
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of
A. indica
plant extract at the concentrations of 10–200 mg/ml against
Porphyromonas gingivalis
.
A. indica
plant metabolites were extracted by the maceration technique using methanol.
Materials and Methods:
The literature revealed the analysis of different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. The antibacterial activity was analyzed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration.
Results:
The n-hexane extract of
A. indica
has the best antibacterial potency at 200 mg/ml against
P. gingivalis
with an initial zone of inhibition at 100 mg/ml 12 mm, which is compared to the gold-standard chlorhexidine and MIC value of 150 mg/ml.
Conclusion:
Among major periodontal pathogens,
P. gingivalis
appears to be one of the prime etiological agents in the pathogenesis and progression of the inflammatory events of periodontal disease. This infinitesimal herb
A. indica
found throughout India is readily available and can be utilized as an effective antimicrobial agent against
P. gingivalis
and periodontal diseases.
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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral hygiene aids and its role in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission: A hospital-based questionnaire study
p. 44
Gautami Subhadra Penmetsa, Sravanthi Vundavalli, Anusha Boddeda, N V. S. G. Sruthima, Sathya Valli Veluri, Gadde Praveen
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_245_21
Introduction:
The novel coronavirus disease has brought to the forefront the importance of oral hygiene aids and its role in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission.
Objectives:
The objective is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral hygiene aids and its role in COVID-19 transmission.
Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 385 patients visiting Vishnu dental college. The questionnaire included demographic data, history of COVID, and vaccination status. The second part included questions regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral hygiene aids and its role in COVID-19 transmission.
Results:
Mean age of the population was 40.11 years, and had almost equal proportions of males and females. About 22.6% of the population had suffered from COVID-19 and 92.7% of men got fully vaccinated. Knowledge of COVID-19 transmission through oral hygiene aids was found in 57.4% of the population. No difference in knowledge of occupational health advisor (OHA) and its role in COVID transmission was found between gender, COVID, and vaccination status (
P
> 0.05). About 22.9% of graduates had higher knowledge than others (
P
= 0.00).
Conclusions:
The use of appropriate oral hygiene aids and practices could prevent the transmission of COVID-19.
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Evaluating the knowledge and attitude of dental residents about special care dentistry – A cross-sectional study
p. 49
R Sangeetha, K V Sai Charan, N Santana, B Anand, M Kumari
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_203_22
Introduction:
Special care Dentistry (SCD) refers to the management of oral health, exclusively for individuals with special care requirements, by adopting an alternative way in spite of the numerous advancements in the field of Dentistry in the present day scenario, the oral health among the special care population remains poor. In numerous countries, SCD has been introduced as a separate specialty, in India, it is still in its initial stage.
Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge and attitude among dental residents about SCD.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in various dental colleges in Chennai from January 2022 to July 2022. A total of 100 dental residents interested in participating in this survey were included in this study. A set of 11 multiple-choice questions were formulated and directed to dental residents. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS software.
Results:
87% of the participants are aware of the term SCD, and the majority of them have come across patient with special care needs during their internship period, but their confidence level (94%) in delivering the treatment to this population remains relatively less. The reason for reluctance was lack of training, unavailability of special set-up, and their curriculum does not cover any lectures about SCD. Majority of participants 88% perceive that there must be a separate specialty on SCD in the future.
Conclusion:
Incorporation of SCD in the curriculum as a separate specialty will pave the way for more clinical exposure and help in developing a positive attitude and confidence among students while treating patients with special needs.
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Attitude towards learning communication skill among dental interns in Davanagere City: A cross-sectional survey
p. 54
Puja C Yavagal, Rohan Raj, Prathyusha Kateel, S Patil Mrunal, Niharika R Diwakar, Rashmi M Lokapur
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_26_22
Background:
Current education systems including dental education are focusing on communication, leadership, and team-building skills; hence, it is imperative to understand the students' perspectives and willingness to learn communication skills during their professional course.
Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the attitude towards learning communication skill among dental interns in Davanagere city.
Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in a dental college setting was conducted among 125 dental interns of Davanagere city. Data were collected pertaining to age, gender, academic performance in the final-year BDS, self-perceived level of communicating skill, and attitude towards learning communication skill using a pretested study pro forma and Dental Communication Skills, Attitude Scale questionnaire.
Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics were generated in terms of percentages and mean attitude scores. Student's unpaired
t
-test, one-way ANOVA test, and Pearson's correlation test were used for the analysis of data. The significant level was set at
P
< 0.05.
Results:
The mean positive attitude score of the interns was 51.71 ± 5.10, and the mean negative attitude score was 28.15 ± 4.67. There was no significant difference (
P
> 0.05) in the mean attitude scores between males and females. Dental interns' attitude towards learning communication skill was not related to their self-reported communication skill and academic performance (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
Dental interns had a high positive attitude towards learning communication skill which were not related with their self-reported communication skill and academic performance.
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Implementation and evaluation of community participatory oral health program in school children from select rural population in Deshmukhwadi, Pune district
p. 59
Pranav Shinde, Sahana Hegde Shetiya, Deepti Agarwal
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_185_22
Introduction:
In order to reduce the oral health disparities among school children in rural areas and provide a sustainable program, a pilot project using community health workers was planned.
Aim and Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to implement and evaluate community participatory oral health promotion and prevention program in school children from select rural population in Deshmukhwadi, Pune district, and also carry out knowledge, attitude and practice survey among health workers and school teachers about oral health.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred and thirty-nine students, aged 6–13 years, constituted the sample size. The program consisted of oral health education, atraumatic restorative treatment, scaling of teeth with hand scalers, and fortnightly fluoride mouth rinsing. The health workers who were commissioned into medical department by Tata Motors from the same village, after proper training and calibration performed the above-mentioned preventive procedures on children.
Results:
There was a significant improvement in gingival status (
P <
0.001), caries status (
P
= 0.003), and incipient lesion (
P
= 0.01) after the program. In the present study, the health workers were successfully trained to provide basic oral care services in rural areas. Furthermore, the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oral health which was assessed among the health workers and school teachers improved after 16 months of the program.
Conclusions:
The community participatory oral health promotion and prevention program showed a significant improvement in the filled and initial lesion surfaces in the primary and permanent dentition and the bleeding sextants. Health workers and school teachers showed improvement in knowledge and practice after the program.
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Prevalence of tobacco habits and oral health status of adolescents in Lucknow district: A cross-sectional descriptive study
p. 66
Ashish Choudhary, Sabyasachi Saha, Sahana Shivkumar, Sumit Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Singh
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_232_21
Background:
Tobacco use among youth is increasing in epidemic proportions across the world. Tobacco use among adolescents is a priority health risk behavior that contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, which is mostly preventable.
Aim:
To assess the prevalence of various tobacco habits among the adolescents of Lucknow and the related oral mucosal lesions present.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was designed comprising urban and rural schoolgoing students (males and females); within 12-19 years of age in Lucknow. Areas from both urban and rural Lucknow were selected for the study. A pro forma with two parts was filled in details, and the oral hygiene was examined with Oral Hygiene status score.
Results:
The presence of oral mucosal condition was found in 11.53% of adolescents and had significant results (
P
< 0.001). The urban and rural adolescents were, respectively, at 1.9- and 9.66- times higher risk of developing dental caries in association with pan masala chewing habit (statistically significant;
P
< 0.0001).
Conclusion:
Dental practitioners should donate to enhance oral health by including oral examination as a mandatory daily clinical practice along with proper tobacco counseling and imparting satisfactory diet charts, and denoting patients to specific oral health clinicians for care.
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Knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccine and its self-reported adverse effects among staffs and students of dental college in Himachal Pradesh
p. 72
Bhawna Sayare, Vinay Kumar Bhardwaj, Deepak Sharma, Arun Singh Thakur
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_64_21
Background:
Demonstration of safety is very significant with COVID-19 vaccines, not only for vaccine acceptance but also for trust in vaccination broadly. Therefore, it is crucial to understand various mistrusts regarding COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccine and its self-reported adverse effects among staffs and students of dental college in Himachal Pradesh.
Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among the students and staff members of H. P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. All those who received the vaccine from January 22 to February 8, 2021, were included. The survey was divided into two sections. Section 1 of the questionnaire included 14 questions which were regarding the knowledge and attitude of COVID-19 vaccine, whereas Section 2 of the questionnaire included a table with 13 symptoms, and the participants were asked to check the postvaccine symptoms whichever they experienced with the duration.
Results:
Majority, i.e., 94 of the recipients had pain at the injection site which had a duration range of 24 h to 4–5 days. Of 111 participants, 88 had a symptom of chills lasting 8 h to 48–72 h. 74.5% were hesitant to treat patients due to COVID-19 infection worries. 75.4% considered the need to follow COVID-19 appropriate behaviors such as wearing mask, maintain social distancing, and not going to crowded places even after vaccination.
Conclusion:
Participants in this survey reported favorable attitudes toward vaccination. The commonly reported adverse effects of vaccination were pain at injection, chills, body ache, and fever.
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Faculty experience and reliability of assessing narrative reports using rubrics: Report from a dental school in India
p. 76
Pushpanjali Krishnappa, Jyotsna Sriranga, KM Shwetha, Anitha R Sagarkar, Aabha Singh
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_76_22
Background:
Assessment drives learning is a well-known adage. If the assessment is subjective, it can under/overestimate the student's performance and thus impair the learning process. Rubrics help standardize the assessment by giving guidelines to both the assessor and the student and minimize subjectivity.
Methodology:
A mixed method design was employed to identify the inter- and intra-rater reliability of assessing narrative reports and explore the faculty perceptions on using rubrics for the assessment of narrative reports.
Results:
The inter-rater reliability scores were 0.08 without the use of rubrics and 0.93 with the use of rubrics demonstrating a statistically significant-excellent reliability when rubrics were used. The intra- and inter-examiner mean total assessment scores showed a statistically significant variation when rubrics were not used while the variation was reduced with the use of rubric. The two examiners who were part of the study welcomed the use of rubrics for assessment. They concurred that rubrics gave the assessor the schema and minimized the subjectivity of the assessment. Although the time taken for assessment was initially longer with a rubric scale, subsequently, the time taken was reduced. The assessors felt that they were now in a position to give richer constructive feedback to students. They felt that the students should also know the rubric scale beforehand so that it sets the expectations and helps the student to set self-determined learning goals.
Conclusion:
The use of rubrics improves inter- and intra-rater reliability of assessment scores. It gives a direction to the examiners and helps categorizing the student performance with minimal subjectivity.
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Oral health-related taboos and oral health status among a South Indian Tribal population: A descriptive study
p. 82
Vikram Simha Bommireddy
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_22
Introduction:
Health being a biological and social entity makes an important contribution to economic progress. Though we live in the 21
st
century still many underserved communities are lacking to adopt healthy lifestyles. One of many reasons would be religious convictions such as taboos, myths, or misbeliefs.
Aim:
This study aims to assess the periodontal status, and to comprehend the myths and misconceptions among adults in Jeelugumilli Mandala, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used among 12 panchayats in which 29 villages were present in Jeelugumilli Mandal. Out of 29 villages one village was selected by convenience sampling as it is a manageable unit which represents rural population. Oral examination was done using community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment for those individuals who met inclusion criteria. A valid questionnaire was used to quantitate about social myths and taboos. Pearson's Chi-Square and descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data and level of significance was set at
P
≤ 0.05 for the tests.
Results:
A statistically significant difference was observed in CPI scores among males and females (
P
= 0.024), those who brush their teeth once daily and those who brush twice (
P
= 0.005) and high significance was seen among those who consume alcohol and those who do not (
P
< 0.001). For loss of attachment scores high significant difference was found among tobacco chewers and nonchewers, those who brush once daily and twice daily (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Most of the misbeliefs were seen among illiterates and rural population. Hence, there is a need to improve the level of education as well as knowledge related to health, among these groups for overall improvement of health related quality of life.
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Prevalence and heritability of dental caries and malocclusion in Haryana: A family-based study
p. 87
Sahrish Tariq, Pooja Thakur, Nidhi Gupta, Preety Gupta, Aditi Sharma
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_140_22
Background:
Genetics could be one of the factors in determining oral health and disease in families and the interplay of genetics with environmental factors can affect the prevalence of oral diseases.
Aim:
To evaluate the genetic influence on dental caries and malocclusion.
Objective:
To assess the prevalence of dental caries and malocclusion in the family tree.
Materials and Methods:
A descriptive study was conducted among 26 families of Barwala, District Panchkula, Haryana, India. Clinical examination was conducted to assess dental caries [Decayed Filled Surface Index (DFS/dfs)] and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Heritability within the study population was assessed within the pairs: grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics version-24.
Results:
Dental caries prevalence in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 35.29% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pair (36.36%), whereas father–children pair had 38% and mother–children pair had 42.59%. Statistically significant results were obtained for caries in grandmother–grandchildren pairs, father–children pair, and mother–children pair but not for grandfather–grandchildren. The prevalence of malocclusion in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 70.58% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pairs (13.63%), whereas the father–children pair had 52% and mother-children pair had 20.37%. Statistically, a significant result was obtained for a malocclusion among grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair.
Conclusion:
This study attempts at defining genetic implications in dental caries and malocclusion process. Caries prevalence was higher in mother–children pairs than in the father-children pair. The grandfather–grandchildren pairs had a higher prevalence of malocclusion than grandmother-grandchildren pairs. Thus, the study leads to improved understanding and prevention of the factors leading to them.
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Association of abnormal oral habits with body mass index among 6–12-year-old school children in and around Melmaruvathur: A cross-sectional study
p. 92
Lokesh Siva, R Krishnakumar, DK Sugumaran, G Mohan, S Syed Shaheed Ahamed, Anand Prabhu
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_139_21
Background:
The habit of eating more of sugary drinks and foods with high in trans fats and excessive saturated fatty foods, when the person is in stress has an effect on the individual's weight.
Objectives:
To evaluate the body mass index (BMI) and determine its association with abnormal oral habits in 6–12-year-old school-going children.
Materials and Methods:
The 46 schools were selected based on simple random sampling technique and all children who were aged between 6 and 12 years were included in the study. Among 5525 children screened, 1665 (30.13%) had various types of abnormal oral habits. The BMI of these children was calculated. The obtained BMI values were compared using Chi-square test in IBM SPSS windows version 20 software, where
P
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
The association between bruxism, lip biting, nail biting, and pencil biting habits with their BMI was found to be statistically significant and other habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing and masochistic habits with their BMI which was found to be statistically non-significant.
Conclusion:
The children with stress-related oral habits had high BMI and their associations were found to be statistically significant. Hence, identification of children with stress-related oral habits and sensitization of parents, teachers, and the caregiver is of great importance.
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Association of sugary food consumption, self-perception of dental health status, and dental health awareness with dental caries and gingivitis among rural school children aged 12 years – An analytical cross-sectional study in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2020
p. 96
Chandrasekhara Reddy Vuyyuru, Manickam Ponnaiah, Rajeshree Narayan Rangari
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_94_22
Background and Objectives:
Data on the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among Indian rural children are scarce. Hence, we estimated the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and associated factors among the rural school children aged 12 years of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh.
Methods:
We conducted this analytical cross-sectional study, with 1513 children by following two-stage cluster sampling. We collected data on dental caries and gingivitis using the WHO dentition status and community periodontal index modified, respectively, and associated factors by direct interviews using standardized semi-structured interview guide. We estimated the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis and 95% confidence interval (CI); we calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) and its 95% CI by comparing factors among those with and without caries and gingivitis; we computed adjusted PRs using the generalized linear regression model.
Results:
Overall prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was 61% (95% CI: 58–63) and 68% (95% CI: 65–70), respectively. Sugary food consumption (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.33–1.82), fair and poor perception of the current dental health status (PR 1.31 95% CI 1.19–145 and PR 1.59 95% CI 1.45–1.73, respectively), and no dental health awareness (PR 0.85 95% CI 0.75–0.95) were associated with caries. Fair and poor perception of current dental health status (PR 1.16 95% CI 1.07–1.26 and PR 1.27 95% CI 1.17–1.38, respectively) was associated with gingivitis.
Conclusion:
We observed a high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among the study participants. Sugary food consumption, dental health awareness, and perception of current dental health status are associated with dental caries and gingivitis.
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LETTER TO EDITOR
Does India need a different approach toward achieving universal health coverage?
p. 103
Rounik Talukdar, Aquila Aini Anwar, Diplina Barman
DOI
:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_158_22
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© Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
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Online since 18 July, 2014