Aim: To evaluate survival rate of single surface ART restorations over a period of one year among 8-12 year oldrural school children in India. Materials & Method: A community based interventional study was designed. A total of 147 subjects were included in the study. Baseline data was collected on a specially designed proforma. Treatment was performed following standard procedures for ART using specially designed hand instruments. Evaluations were done at three, six, nine and twelve months intervals. Chi-square was used to test the significance. Results: The mean age of study subjects (147) was 9.69 ΁ 1.3 years. About 84.4% of subjects expressed that they did not had pain I discomfort during treatment; 86.4% of the subjects were willing to undergo theART procedure if required again.Overall survival rate was 91.6% at the end of one year. When the survival rate was compared between permanent and deciduous dentition at the end of 12th month survival rate was high for permanent dentition (95.8%) compared to the deciduousdentition (89.5%). Conclusions: ART was accepted by majority of subjects. Survival rate of single surface ART restorations was extremely good and ART approach can be implemented in schools particularly in the rural areas where there is no adequate access to dental care. ART can be a very strong tool for preventive treatment in the control of dental caries in developing countries.

Background: Since fluoride is available from various sources, the total ingestion of fluoride by a person should be estimated taking into consideration the fluoride consumed from all the sources including fruits. There are very few epidemiological studies carried out associated with fluoride estimation in fruit samplesand especially in the Indian scenario Objective: To estimate and compare the fluoride concentration of different commercially available citrus and non-citrus fruits in Mathura city. Materials & Method: Fifteen different types of fruits commercially available and consumed by people ofMathura City were collected. Out of the 15 fruit samples 5 were citrus fruits and 10 were non-citrus fruits. The fluoride estimation of fruit samples was done at Central Laboratory,Lucknow. Juices of all 15 fruit samples were prepared, from each sample 10 ml of juice was measured and fluoride testing of each sample was carried out by using Orion 4 star -ion electrode analyzer. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical software program SPSS, version 17. Results: The fluoride concentration in citrus fruits ranged from 0.04ppm (Orange) to 0.08 ppm (Tomato) while in non-citrus fruits it ranged from 0.04ppm (chikoo) to 0.18 ppm (Guava). No significant difference was observed between the mean fluoride concentration of citrus and non citrus fruits. Conclusions: Both citrus and non citrus fruits have fluorides. Guava was found to have the maximumamount of fluoridecontent (0.18 ppm) among both the citrus and non citrus fruits.

Aim and Objectives: To correlate dental caries experience with pH, buffering capacity and flow rate of saliva among 15-year-old-children Materials & Method : Fifteen year old school children from adopted schools of a dental college in Mangalore were considered as study subjects. The study was carried out using a standardized proforma that consisted of questionnaire for recording demographic data. The caries experience was assessed by DMFT Index. Salivary pH was measured by using a pH meter and salivary buffering capacity was measured by using titration method. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all subjects by direct expectoration to calculate the flow rate. Results: The mean DMFT of the study population was 2.85 ± 2.5. The mean salivary pH was found to be 6.88 ± 0.69.About 74.1% were having medium salivary buffering capacities. The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate and mean total antioxidant capacity of the study population was 0.41 ± 0.14 ml/min and 94.15 ± 60.72 g/dL respectively. Conclusions: A marked association between the pH, buffering capacity and unstimulated flow rate with dental caries experience suggest that assessment of these salivary parameters can be used as predictors for future dental caries susceptibility in an individual.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well recognized in western countries, but there were no much reports of ADHD from India. Aim: To determine the relationship of ADHD with dental caries. Materials & Method : A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among 120 children aged around 8-15 years who were randomly selected from normal and special schools located in Chennai city. The children were categorized as ADHD according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).The questionnaire was given to parents and teachers. It included details of DSM- IV criteria, age, sex, demographic details, past dental history, hours diet chart and any medication taken previously. The oral hygiene status was assessed using Oral Hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) and the caries experience was recorded using DMFT index. Categorical data were compared by the Chi-square test. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated with logistic regression. A multivariate analysis was carried out to adjust for gender, dental caries status of primary and permanent teeth. Results : Males are more in ADHD group when compared to females. Oral Hygiene Status of ADHD group was significantly better than control group. ADHD children were 3.1 times more odds of getting dental caries than children in the control group.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion, treatment needs and specific occlusal traits among Kolhapur population. Materials & Method: The sample comprised 500 individuals: that is, 250 boys & 250 girls between the age group of 13 -20 years. The sample was drawn from among the patients reporting for the treatment of malocclusion to the department. After intraoral examination, dental casts of the patients were assessed later and scored. A mouth mirror, a ruler & a sliding digital caliper was used. For every individual, variables related to malocclusion were recorded on a specially designed registration chart. A set of 10 photographs showing a range of dental attractiveness of the aesthetic component based on IOTN was followed and the data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: About 48.80 % individuals had Angle's Class I malocclusion; 34.60 % had Class II division 1; 2% had Class IT division 2 and 1.80% had Class Ill malocclusion. Deep-bite type of vertical malocclusion was present in 62.60% of the sample and 37.40% subjects had a normal overbite. The next most prevalent type of malocclusion was deviation of dental midlines which was found in 50.40% of sample. Orthodontic treatment need as assessed by the DHC of the IOTN were such that 24.20 %and 53.40% fell into grade 4 and grade 5 respectively. Therefore definitely requiring treatment and as assessed by the AC of the IOTN 27.40% and 18.20% sample fell into grades 8 - 10 and grade 10 respectively, as it was the least aesthetic arrangement of the dentition therefore definitely requiring treatment. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment indices such as IOTN can be used effectively with less subjective bias to determine the orthodontic treatment need. The study suggests that there is a borderline to definite need for treatment in a large amount of population in the semirural western Maharashtra.

Objectives: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of school teachers in Chennai. Materials & Method: The cluster sampling methodology was used to select the samples. The selection of a school was done in such a way that the particular school type was present in adequate numbers in all the zones. The final sample consisted of 1059 school teachers who were examined from various zones of Chennai. Results: The shallow pockets were seen in 15.8% whereas deep pockets were almost negligible (0.3%); 73.7% had carious lesions with mean DMFT being 4.63±4.04.The most commonly needed treatment modalities were one surface restorations and extraction in 55.2% and 31.4% of subjects respectively. Conclusions: The school teachers had a wide variety of dental diseases/conditions, the most prevalent being periodontal disease and dental caries which increased with age.

Aim: To compare the performance of the GOHA l and the OHIP-14 as measures of the oral health-related quality of life of the elderly. Materials & Method: Across-sectional study was conducted on 250 elderly subjects attending Government Dental College & Research Institute, Bangalore. General information regarding the participant's demographic profile, past and present medical history and GOHAI and the OHIP-14 were collected. Statistical analysis was done by using Mann-Whitney test. Spearman's correlation was used to find the association between scores (p<0.001) Results: There was no significant association between GOHAI and OHIP-14 with respect to age, gender and medical problems (p>0.001). But there was a significant association between GOHAI and OHIP-14 for the domains-Functional limitation, Pain and discomfort, Psychological impacts and Behavioral impacts (p< 0.001). Significant association was seen among GOHAI­ Functional limitation, Pain and discomfort, Psychological impacts, and Behavioral impacts (p< 0.001). Among OHIP-14 Significant association was also seen for Functional limitation, Pain and discomfort, and Behavioral impacts (p< 0.001). Conclusions: Both the scales are comparable in measuring the oral health related quality of life of the elderly population

Objective: To measure the impact of the type of prosthetic treatment on oral health related quality of life (OHR QoL) using 0ral Health impact Profile-14(0HIP-14). Materials & Method: A follow-up study was conducted amongst 105 patients attending the Department of Prosthodontics of M.R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore for replacement of missing teeth. Initially, they were interviewed by a single calibrated interviewer to collect demographic details and subsequently, OHIP-14 questionnaire was used to assess their pre­ prosthetic and one month post-prosthetic quality of life. Information regarding dentate status and type of prostheses was collected from their case records and based on this information the patients were divided into 3 groups i.e., Complete Denture (CD) group, Removable Partial Denture (RPD) group and Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) group. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare between groups using SPSS version 20. Results: This study revealed that there was improved taste sensation (0.82±0.76), less irritability with others (1.61±0.49), more comfortable to eat (1.42±0.70), less self-conscious (1.48±0.61), had a satisfactory diet (1.58±0.61) and less embarrassment (1.36±0.5) among the CD group as compared RPD and FPD groups. Conclusions: The results indicated that the type of prostheses placed had a major influence on improving OHR QoL among denture users.

Objective: To assess the impact of oral health on quality of life among the institutionalized elderly population of Mathura-Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Method : A cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 302 institutionalized people over the age of 60 years. The Om1 Health Impact Profile (Oil lP) -14 was administered in structured interview format and socio-demographic information was collected prior to a clinical, oral examination. The clinical examination was conducted in order to assess the oral conditions of the participants based on the WHO criteria with other variables including wasting disease and tooth mobility. A chi square analysis and analysis of variance test with p <0.05 was performed Results: The study revealed that 17% elders were completely edentulous and 69.5% were partially edentulous. Statistically significant difference was found for oral health impact score between males and females. The overall OHIP score was found to be 69% and OHIP mean score of elders with missing and mobile teeth also showed statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Tooth loss and tooth mobility have a great impact on one's life and are strongly associated with oral health related quality of life.

Aim: To assess the relationship between dental anxiety and Health Locus of Control (HLC) among Physiotherapy students of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara. Materials & Method: A total of 152 students participated in the study. Dental anxiety was assessed using the 5 item Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Locus of Control was assessed using the 18 item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale. Results: A Statistically significant positive correlation was found between the internal dimension of MHLC and dental anxiety. Conclusions: HLC was found to play an important role in predicting the dental anxiety among physiotherapy students.

Objectives: To assess perceptions of private dental practitioners regarding Continuing Dental Education (CDE) program in Davangere city. Materials & Method: A total of 104 private dental practitioners participated in the survey, of which 40 dentists were only private practitioners and 73 dentists were private practitioners as well as academicians. A closed ended questionnaire was administered to all the private dental practitioners of Davangere city. Results: All the private dental practitioners in the survey were aware about what is CDE program. Majority of the practitioners felt there is need to make attendance to CDE program compulsory and also renew the practice registration based on the credit point acquired by attending CDE program. Majority of practitioners preferred attending free and sponsored CDE programs and also felt attending CDE program kept them abreast with current knowledge enabling them to provide evidence based care. Majority of practitioners preferred to attend CDE programs related to clinical applications and recent advances provided through online and through workshops/hands on. Factors like cost, topic of the program and distance from home played major role in deciding the attendance of private dental practitioners to CDE program. Conclusions: Dental practitioners have positive attitude regarding CDE program. Practitioners opine CDE program can update their knowledge and enable them to provide evidence based care.

Background: Myths/misconceptions/false beliefs are the ideas/thoughts which are inculcated into human life during the course of lifetime. They are considered as an integral part of all the existing systems including healthcare. Aim: To assess the prevalence of misconceptions regarding oral health care and their source of information among out patients attending one of the dental colleges in Bangalore city. Materials and Method : A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 2021 out patients visiting Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore using a self administered questionnaire. Data was collected and supervised by the investigator. Analysis was done using Chi square test and significance level was fixed at p< 0.05. Results: Out of2021 participants, 942 (46.6%) had poor level of knowledge; 431(21.3%) of them were found with average level of knowledge; 380(18.8%) of them had good level of knowledge, and 268(13.2%) of them had excellent level ofk:nowledge regarding oral health. Conclusions: Majority of the study population had considerable beliefs in myths and false perceptions regarding oral health issues. Most of them belonged to 36-45yrs age group, females, illiterates and unemployed.

Sexual harassment is a highly prevalent form of gender-based discrimination and sexual exploitation in the workplace and academic environment. In the dental field, there are a few studies regarding sexual harassment among the patients, professors and claims of their students. There is a silence of consent surrounding sexual harassment. It is clearly an issue about which the practicing dentists need to be informed in order to provide knowledgeable assessment and treatment for all patients. Dentists also have a role in advocacy, expert consultation or testimony, research and prevention through education and training. It is a fact that sexual harassment is very commonly encountered by almost everyone especially women. It is the most unresolved and under recognized problem of today especially when professionals are concerned. Preventing sexual harassment requires a considerable investment of time and personnel. This paper reviews the topic of sexual harassment as a problem from its legal aspects and recommendations for further steps to resolve this issue in dentistry.

It is well known fact that medical profession is considered to be a noble profession. Doctors, usually consider themselves to be intelligent, wise, cultured and hence will preach like philosophers never indulging in sharp bargain. The main objective of the Clinical Establishment Bill is to bring some uniformity in the healthcare delivery, by making registration of all clinical establishments mandatory and prescribing enhanced penalty for the defaulters. This review elaborates few positive and negative aspects of this Act.